Impacto de un Heart Team en pacientes con estenosis aórtica candidatos a reemplazo percutáneo / Impact of a Heart Team in patients with aortic stenosis who are candidates for transcatheter aortic valve replacement

RESUMEN La difusión del reemplazo valvular aórtico percutáneo (TAVI) en la estenosis aórtica (EAo) generó la creación de un Heart Team (HT), para elegir el mejor tratamiento. Existen pocos reportes sobre su utilidad. Objetivos: analizar los resultados del tratamiento de los pacientes con EAo evaluados por un HT durante 10 años Material y métodos: Inclusión consecutiva de todos los pacientes con EAo candidatos a TAVI entre enero del 2012 y julio del 2021 para seleccionar el mejor tratamiento, incluyendo además Cirugía de reemplazo valvular aórtico (CRVA) y Tratamiento médico conservador (TMC). Resultados: De 841 pacientes, se asignaron a TAVI 455 (53%), CRVA 213 (24%) y TMC 183 (23%). El porcentaje asignado a TAVI aumentó con el tiempo de 48 a 62% (p < 0,05). Los pacientes que fueron a TAVI, con respecto a los enviados a CRVA, eran mayores (86 ± 7 vs 83 ± 7 años), con mayor EUROSCORE II (6,2, IC95% 5,7-6,6 vs 5,6, IC95% 4,4-6,5) y más frágiles (1,62 ± 1 vs 0,91 ± 1), en todos los casos p <0,01. La sobrevida actuarial (IC 95%) a 1 y a 2 años fue, para TAVI 88% (84-91%) y 82% (77-86%), para CRVA 83% (76-88%) y 78% (70-84%) y para TMC 70% (60-87%) y 59% (48-68%) respectivamente (p <0,001). Conclusiones: Durante los primeros 10 años de establecido un Heart Team para la toma de decisiones en EAo, se asignaron a TAVI aproximadamente la mitad y el resto se asignó por mitades a cirugía u observación. La sobrevida de los pacientes intervenidos fue similar a 2 años y mayor que la de los no intervenidos.

ABSTRACT As transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for aortic stenosis (AS) became widespread, the need for a Heart Team (HT) arose to choose the best treatment. There are few reports regarding its usefulness. Objectives: To analyze treatment outcomes in patients with AS evaluated by a HT for 10 years. Methods: Consecutive enrollment of all patients with AS who were candidates for TAVI between January 2012 and July 2021 to choose the best treatment, including surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and conservative medical management (CMM). Results: Out of 841 patients, 455 were assigned to TAVI (53%), 213 to SAVR (24%), and 183 to CMM (23%). The percentage assigned to TAVI has increased from 48% to 62% over time (p <0.05). Patients who underwent TAVI versus those who underwent SAVR were older (86 ± 7 vs. 83 ± 7 years), had a higher EUROSCORE II (6.2, 95% CI 5.7-6.6 vs. 5.6; 95% CI 4.4-6.5) and were frailer (1.62 ± 1 vs. 0.91 ± 1), in all cases p <0.01. Actuarial survival (95% CI) at 1 and 2 years was 88% (84-91%) and 82% (77-86%) for TAVI, 83% (76-88%) and 78% (70-84%) for SAVR, and 70% (60-87%) and 59% (48-68%) for CMM, respectively (p <0.001). Conclusions: For the first 10 years after a Heart Team was established for AS decision-making, approximately half of the patients were assigned to TAVI, and the rest were equally assigned in halves to either surgery or observation. Survival for patients who received interventions was similar at 2 years and higher than in those who did not.

[QTc interval prolongation and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia related to subarachnoid hemorrhage]. / Intervalo QTc prolongado y taquicardia ventricular polimórfica ligada a hemorragia subaracnoidea.

A 55-yr-old woman was taken to the hospital after recovering from a presyncopal episode. The electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia with QTc interval of 840 msec. Few minutes later, the patient developed a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and subsequent cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A week later she presented with severe headache, seizures and decerebrate movements. Cranial computed tomography scan showed subarachnoid hemorrhage with intracranial hypertension requiring decompressive craniectomy. On the follow- up the electrocardiograms always showed prolonged QTc interval, without any new arrhythmic event. The patient's clinical course was unfavorable and required maximum dose of vasoactive drugs. She died 13 days after admission.

Intervalo QTc prolongado y taquicardia ventricular polimórfica ligada a hemorragia subaracnoidea / QTc interval prolongation and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia related to subarachnoid hemorrhage

Mujer de 55 años trasladada al hospital luego de recuperarse de un episodio presincopal. El electrocardiograma mostró bradicardia sinusal con intervalo QT corregido de 840 mseg. Pocos minutos después la paciente presenta episodio de taquicardia ventricular polimórfica y posterior paro cardiorrespiratorio que requirió maniobras de reanimación cardiopulmonar avanzada que fueron efectivas. A la semana presentó cefalea intensa y convulsiones con movimientos de descerebración. La tomografía axial computarizada de cerebro mostró hemorragia subaracnoidea con hipertensión intracraneal que requirió craniectomía descompresiva. Durante la internación todos los electrocardiogramas evidenciaron el QT corregido prolongado, pero la paciente no presentó un nuevo evento arrítmico. La paciente evolucionó desfavorablemente requiriendo fármacos vasoactivos en dosis máximas. Falleció a los 13 días de su admisión.

A 55-yr-old woman was taken to the hospital after recovering from a presyncopal episode. The electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia with QTc interval of 840 msec. Few minutes later, the patient developed a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and subsequent cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A week later she presented with severe headache, seizures and decerebrate movements. Cranial computed tomography scan showed subarachnoid hemorrhage with intracranial hypertension requiring decompressive craniectomy. On the follow- up the electrocardiograms always showed prolonged QTc interval, without any new arrhythmic event. The patient's clinical course was unfavorable and required maximum dose of vasoactive drugs. She died 13 days after admission.

Endocarditis de válvula protésica por Salmonella no tifoidea / Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis due to Non-Typhoid Salmonella

Existen varios factores predisponentes para el desarrollo de endocarditis infecciosa; entre ellos se destacan el antecedente de haber padecido endocarditis infecciosa y el recambio valvular con válvula protésica. La endocarditis infecciosa de válvula protésica producida por Salmonella es una entidad de muy baja incidencia. En esta presentación se describe el caso de una paciente con antecedente de doble recambio valvular, mitral y aórtico, que ingresó con un cuadro de sepsis grave. Se llegó al diagnóstico etiológico de endocarditis infecciosa por Salmonella enteritidis a través de hemocultivos. La paciente tuvo una evolución fulminante y falleció antes de las 24 horas.

There are several predisposing factors for the development of infectious endocarditis, among them, the history of infectious endocarditis and prosthetic valve replacement. Infectious endocarditis in prosthetic valve caused by Salmonella is an unusual entity. We report the case of a female patient with a history of double-valve mitral and aortic replacement, who was admitted due to severe sepsis. The etiological diagnosis of infectious endocarditis by Salmonella enteritidis was reached through blood cultures. The clinical course was fulminant and she died within the first 24 hours.

Endocarditis de válvula protésica por Salmonella no tifoidea / Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis due to Non-Typhoid Salmonella

Existen varios factores predisponentes para el desarrollo de endocarditis infecciosa; entre ellos se destacan el antecedente de haber padecido endocarditis infecciosa y el recambio valvular con válvula protésica. La endocarditis infecciosa de válvula protésica producida por Salmonella es una entidad de muy baja incidencia. En esta presentación se describe el caso de una paciente con antecedente de doble recambio valvular, mitral y aórtico, que ingresó con un cuadro de sepsis grave. Se llegó al diagnóstico etiológico de endocarditis infecciosa por Salmonella enteritidis a través de hemocultivos. La paciente tuvo una evolución fulminante y falleció antes de las 24 horas.(AU)

There are several predisposing factors for the development of infectious endocarditis, among them, the history of infectious endocarditis and prosthetic valve replacement. Infectious endocarditis in prosthetic valve caused by Salmonella is an unusual entity. We report the case of a female patient with a history of double-valve mitral and aortic replacement, who was admitted due to severe sepsis. The etiological diagnosis of infectious endocarditis by Salmonella enteritidis was reached through blood cultures. The clinical course was fulminant and she died within the first 24 hours.(AU)